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Online ISSN 2653-4983
JOURNAL of MULTISCALE NEUROSCIENCE
Is Alzheimer’s Disease a Manifestation of Brain Quantum Decoherence Resulting from
Mitochondrial and Microtubular Deterioration?
T.W. Nichols1, M.H. Berman1 and J.A. Tuszynski 2,3
1 Quietmind Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
3 DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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The etiology of Alzheimer's dementia is, at best multifactorial. Before the emergence of cognitive impairment, symptoms such as thinning of the cortex, accumulation of β-amyloid, and decreased hippocampal volume are common. Hence, the accumulation of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau fibrillary tangles are two pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease brains, but antibody therapy aimed to decrease β-amyloid has been a failure and, in most optimistic opinions, may delay somewhat disease progression. However, 31-38 % of subjects develop cerebral micro-hemorrhages in aducanumab therapy, an antibody to the amyloid beta plaque by Biogen. Genetics such as Apo E3/E3 have demonstrated defects in the blood-brain barrier in early-onset dementia...more
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
​Jonghoon Kang & Young S. Gwak​
The complexity of sensory and motor dysfunctions following spinal cord injury (SCI) necessitates identifying key physical parameters that contribute to these outcomes. This study examines the effects of critical parameters on behavioral and physiological outcomes after spinal contusion in periadolescent (7 weeks) and adult (30 weeks) male Sprague-Dawley rats. A standardized injury of 150-kilodyne force and 1-second dwell time was induced at thoracic level 10. Actual Force (152.6 ± 0.6 and 154.4 ± 1.2 kdyn) and Velocity (121 ± 0.4 and 120.7 ± 0.6 mm/s) were consistent between groups, although Displacement (981.5 ± 35.9 and 1048.6 ± 30.4 µm) varied. The periadolescent group showed more rapid body weight loss (POD 4 vs. POD 7) and quicker locomotion recovery (POD 16 vs. POD 22), while the adult group exhibited faster onset of bladder dysfunction. By 40 days post-injury, all groups developed mechanical allodynia (p < 0.05), with thermal hyperalgesia significantly elevated in the periadolescent group (p < 0.05). Analysis of displacement subsets revealed...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Exploring the neurobiological circuits of anxiety in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
L. A, Cacha
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ASD does not include anxiety as one of its core features, which has its own unique and additional level of complexity. The prevalence of anxiety disorder is not considered a core characteristic, yet majority of individuals with autism exhibit clinically elevated levels of anxiety or suffer from at least one anxiety disorder, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. An individual who is anxious is more likely to suffer from excessive negative emotions, which are indicative of potential dysfunctions within the brain systems responsible for regulating negative emotions. Anxiety is believed to have a neurobiological component, and considerable research has long been conducted to determine how its arousal impacts behavioral development in typical situations. Investigation has focused on the structural development of the amygdala implicated in the neurobiology of autism. An overview of the role of the prefrontal cortex in modulation of amygdala function is presented in this paper, as well how differences in amygdala and prefrontal cortex connectivity may play a role in influencing the presentation of anxiety syndrome in the context of autism spectrum disorder.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular calcium during speed tuning for directionality: the initial stage of cardinal direction selectivity
N.L. Iannella & R.R. Poznanski
Detecting moving objects is crucial in the animal kingdom and is fundamental to vision. In the vertebrate retina, starburst amacrine cells are directionally selective in terms of their calcium responses to stimuli that move centrifugally from the soma. The mechanism by which starburst amacrine cells show calcium bias for centrifugal motion is still to be determined. Recent morphological studies using fluorescent microscopy and immunostaining have shown that the endoplasmic reticulum is omnipresent in the soma, extending to the distal processes of starburst amacrine cells. Electron microscopy for ChAT SAC in adult rat retina unequivocally proves the presence of local endoplasmic reticulum. The submicron in diameter dendrites implies that the endoplasmic reticulum is not luminally connected between the soma and the distal tips. We construct a computational model of SAC dendrites with ER to simulate the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR)-based calcium waves in the presence of unsaturated buffer to test the hypothesis that the CICR mechanism can sustain constant calcium wave propagation in the centrifugal direction...
Online first articles
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REVIEW
Transcription of Fos family genes in nucleus accumbens: roles of AP-1, epigenetics and stochasticity
Henry C. Tuckwell
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We elaborate upon further details of the mechanisms involved in transcription of Fos family and other immediate early genes in brain. The AP-1 element on the cfos promoter is bound by homodimers of Jun family proteins and heterodimers of Jun family members with Fos family members including ∆FosB. The frequencies of combinations are discussed as well as their activities which may be activating or inhibiting. With acute stimulation by psychostimulants the mRNAs of cfos and fosB are induced within a few minutes to rise to maximum levels in about 30 minutes with a decline to basal levels in a few hours. The many possible mechanisms for the shut down are discussed. Epigenetic modifications are strongly implicated in the instigation and inhibition of transcription, particularly histone modifications which may decompactify DNA. Summaries of histone modifications have been related to a histone code. Various general schemes for the steps to transcription have been proposed and three of these are described, followed by more detailed dynamical pictures...
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CLINICAL CASE REPORT
A case study of a patient diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction and myasthenia gravis
Wang Zhongyu, Zhang Sumei & Bai Jiangyan
A 78-year-old man was admitted to Taiyuan Central Hospital with speech impairment, intermittent drooping of the right eyelid, and occasional visual ghosting. These symptoms are indicative of semantic dementia with symptoms progressively worsening. The patient has a history of coronary heart disease and hypertension. Physical examination revealed decreased short-term memory and arithmetic ability; right upper eyelid ptosis covering the cornea; insufficient outward gaze in the left eye; diminished bilateral knee and ankle reflexes; no other abnormalities were noted. MRI indicated a cerebral infarction in the right temporal lobe. Based on the above findings, myasthenia gravis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes were considered for differential diagnosis. Subsequent repetitive nerve stimulation and neostigmine tests supported the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Clinically, the coexistence of acute cerebral infarction accompanied by myasthenia gravis is rare. Since their symptoms can overlap, a diagnosis should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of related symptoms and tests.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Syed Taimoor Hussain Shah, Syed Adil Hussain Shah, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Janet Pigueiras-del-Real, Kainat Qayyum, Syed Baqir Hussain Shah, Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi, Angelo Di Terlizzi, Giacomo Di Benedetto & Marco Agostino Deriu
Preterm neonates face significant neurological risks due to incomplete brain development at birth. The third trimester is critical for brain maturation, and premature birth disrupts essential developmental processes, leading to long-term cognitive, motor, and sensory impairments. Key vulnerabilities include cortical underdevelopment, white matter damage, and immature neurotransmission, contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy, attention deficits, and learning difficulties. While advances in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have improved survival rates, early detection and continuous monitoring of complications remain challenging. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in neonatal care presents a transformative approach, enabling real-time physiological monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated alerts for timely interventions. IoT-driven neonatal monitoring systems enhance clinical decision-making, reduce caregiver burden, and improve patient outcomes. In parallel, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing neonatal healthcare by processing multimodal data, including clinical records, physiological signals, and imaging to provide real-time insights, predictive diagnostics,...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Conductive polypyrrole/chitin conduit with electric stimulation for nerve regeneration
Haishan Jiao, Jian Huang, Ying Chen, Yuening Song, and Dongyin Li
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PPy/chitin composite conduits (CAP) were fabricated by tube casting using chitosan blended with microemulsion polymerized nano-PPy, which was modified by acetylation. Chitin conduits (CA) modified by acetylation from chitosan conduits without PPy were also prepared. Both CAP and CA conduits were used to bridge sciatic nerve defects with or without ES. Autologous nerve transplantation was used as a positive control. Electrophysiological and histological methods were measured. We found that: (1) injured nerve bridged with conduit and ES had improved regeneration compared with that bridged with conduit without ES; and (2) conductive conduit combined with ES was more effective in promoting nerve regeneration compared with non-conductive conduit, but was similar to autologous nerve. Our findings demonstrate that conduits of PPy/chitin conductive composite exhibit favorable properties for clinical use by promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
BRIEF REPORT
On the transition from a sense of self to actualizing an intention
R. R. Poznanski
Action potentials are a part of neural activity, but defining neural action is far more complex. Generalizing specific cognitive tasks as neural is ineffective. Instead, this paper focuses on individual factors such as intentions in action or consciousness in action. The hard question of consciousness arises from how the brain's biochemistry interacts with the electromagnetic field to facilitate energy transduction, enabling various forms of information to sustain self-referential causal closure. This has important implications, especially when intentions in action become intentions through a process that involves a transition from the experience of acting out a thought to actualizing intentions. This transition is particularly relevant to subjective intentionality, precognitive and unreliable in forming intentions without understanding the biochemical and biophysical foundations. We propose that negentropic force drives the transition from experience to intentions. Experience such as subjective intentionality is a quantum-optical effect actuated by electromagnetic “sparks” in benzene rings and proton transfer in hydrophobic pockets ...
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
EEG Measures skin potential for 150 years: only MHz frequencies penetrate blood & skull, defining consciousness – A clinical study
Saifullah Tipu, Sarika Katiyar, Shanthi Banishetty, Tanusree Dutta, Rupesh Ranjan, Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Despite traditional EEG signals being affected by physical activities like hand movements or facial expressions, and even perspiration, they have been considered indicators of consciousness for over a century and a half. Numerous studies have sought specific frequency signatures to serve as reliable markers of consciousness. Our research utilizing dielectric resonance confirms that only MHz frequency signals can penetrate the skull and cerebral blood vessels. We identified a specific MHz range capable of transmitting internal brain signals externally. In our study of 40 gastroenteric patients undergoing anaesthesia with propofol, we monitored transitions into and out of unconsciousness, comparing EEG with DDG signals. Our findings suggest that distinct consciousness states are linked not only to particular EEG patterns but also to unique MHz signal signatures....